6) JAIPONGAN

Dear viewers, sorry about the late updates from us. This week we would love to update about  "Jaipongan dance". 

What is Jaipongan?

Jaipongan are known as Jaipong. It is a popular traditional dance of Sundanese people. West Java,Indonesia. The dance was created by Gugum Gumbira. Based on traditional Sudanese Ketuk Tilu music and Pencak Silat movements. A modern Javanese musical style that evolved from the traditional Javanese dance music known as Ketuk Tilu and featuring the inclusion of Western instruments and dance movements. In 1991, Indonesian President Sukarno prohibited rock and roll and other western genres of music and challenged indonesian musicians to revive the indigenous arts. The name Jaipongan came from people mimicking of the sounds created by some of the drums in the ensemble. Audience were often heard shouting Jaipong after specific sections of rhythmic music 
were played.

Gugum Gumbira

Gugum Gumbira is a Sundanese composer, orchestra leader choreographer and entrepreneur from Bandung, Indonesia. After 1961, when the Indonesia President Sukarno banned all forms of western music and challenged his people to revive their cultural music, Gugum Gumbira made this task his own. In order to do this studied the rural, festival dance music for twelve years. His result was Jaipongan. He created his own recording studio in Indonesia called Jugala.

MUSICAL ORIGIN
It is a musical performances genre of the Sundanese language of West Java, Indonesia, Jaipongan includes revive indigenous arts, like Gamelan but it also did not ignore Western music completely despite the ba on rock and roll. It is used its sensuality and the sensuality found in a traditional village music and dance, Ketuk Tilu. However, many believe it is something purely Indonesia or Sundanese in origin and style. It is developed predominately from rural folk forms and traditions as a purely indigenious form. 

The rise of cassettes and films has led to the popularity of the musical form of Jaipongan. It has spread from its home in West Java's Sunda, to greater Java and Indonesia. It can be seen as many regional varities of gong-chime performances found through much of Indonesia. As also an urban dance form. It is based primarily on the village forms of Ketuk Tilu and on the Indonesian martial arts, pencak silat. The musical genre is largely influenced from Ketuk Tilu with traces of the masked theater dance, Topeng Banjet and the Wayang Golek puppet theater. Ketuk Tilu is the biggest influence, as a traditional Sundanese musical entertainment form.

INSTRUMENTATION & CHOREOGRAPHY
Jaipongan is "a more slick and expanded version of Ketuk Tilu"

Jaipongan takes much of its instrumentation from Ketuk Tilu ensembles. The Ketuk Tilu group is composed of pot-gongs. Besides the core three main kettle gongs (ketuk, tilu meaning three), the instruments include a Rebab, a small upright bowed instruments, also known as a sike fiddle, other small gongs- a hanging gong and two iron plates, and two or three barrel drums.

The traditional singer is female or a saiden, but also dances and invites men to dance with her sensually, so it is assumed she is a prostitute or ronggeng. The ensembles i small enough to be carried from village to village to places where saron or kempul may be added.

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
President Sukarno created a ban on western music, mainly the genre of rock and roll, due to the fact that western ideas, themes, values and morals began to infiltrate the area. With the ban, Sukarno urged the public to "return to and revive the musical traditions of the past". Gugum Gumbira heard this and decided to create a genre of music that would revive the musical interests of the past and added sexual undertones and a sense of elegance in order to bring it into the future. In addition to being a musical reincarnation, jaipongan also reincarnated martial arts and traditional dance. It became so popular that the government  decided that it needed to be taught to be people of all generations.

FILM
The mass media has helped jaipongan become popular especially in the cinema but not as much as cassettes. There are many filmed performances online from students/audiences and dance documentaries from Java/Indonesia. Jaipongan songs have been taken and set to Mr. Bean, a character created by Rowan Atkinson, and other modern popular cultural references in YouTube videos.

Music videos and performances of Tonggeret by Idijah Hadijah as well as other famous artists can be seen on YouTube and also can be heard and referenced in use by Indian film songs. There is a full-length film called Mistri Ronggeng Jaipong from Indonesia, which was made in 1982 by Mardali Syareif.

There is also a Jean Hellwig film on popular dancing in West Java, from 1989, with accompanying book and jaipongan chapter called Sundanese Pop Culture Alive.^[3] A snippet can be seen in the reference section.

POPULAR ARTIST

• CBMW (Bandung Music Group)
• Jugala Orchestra
• Detty Kurnia
• Yayah Ratnasari & Karawang Group
• Idjah Hadidjah

Jaipong Dance